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Have you ever wondered what stories lie within the world's northernmost fortress? Vardøhus Fortress, perched in the Arctic, is more than just a strategic military post. It stands as a proud sentinel of Norway's eastern border, a powerful national symbol etched into the annals of Norwegian history.
From its resilient stand during World War II to its commanding presence today, Vardøhus Fortress invites you to explore its rich heritage and historical significance. Curious to discover the secrets of this iconic fortress and its role in shaping Norway's past? Read on and journey through the fascinating history of Vardøhus Fortress.
Where Is Vardøhus Fortress Located in Norway?
Located in the town of Vardø, with a population of about 200 people, Vardøhus Fortress is a captivating historical site situated on the island of Vardøya. Perched majestically by the Barents Sea and near the mouth of the Varangerfjord, this fortress holds a strategic position in northeastern Norway. It's fascinating to note how close it is to the Russian border, making it a key player in Norway's defense over the centuries.
The History of Vardøhus Fortress
Vardøhus Fortress has a rich and storied past, starting with its early beginnings around 1300 when King Haakon V Magnusson built the first fortress in Vardø. The current structure, constructed between 1734 and 1738, appears much like it did then.
Shaped like an octagonal star with low, stone-clad earthen ramparts, it houses nine distinctive buildings within a garden-shaped layout. Over the centuries, Vardøhus Fortress played a crucial role in protecting Norway from invasions, including during World War II when it held the Norwegian flag the longest.
Though it lost military significance by the 20th century, the fortress was maintained until around 1950. Today, it stands as a unique piece of cultural and military history, functioning primarily as a flag and salute fortress. Flags are raised daily, with salutes fired on national and royal occasions and during solar events, preserving its historical legacy and importance.
Interesting Facts About Vardø and Vardøhus Fortress
Vardø and Vardøhus Fortress hold a treasure trove of intriguing historical facts. Here's a glimpse into their fascinating past:
Vardøhus Fortress
Construction of the Fortress: Vardøhus Fortress was built by 40 soldiers from Bergen between 1734 and 1738.
Fortress Guns: The fortress guns have been fired only twice: against English troops during the mainland blockade in 1808 and German aircraft in June 1940.
Russian Border Defense: Although intended to guard the border with Russia, there are no records of Russian forces attacking the fortress.
Sun Salutation Tradition: Every year towards the end of January, the fortress fires two shots to salute the return of the sun over Varangerfjord, and local school children get the rest of the day off to celebrate this unique Arctic tradition.
Vardø: The Town
- Vardø's Origins: Founded in 1789, Vardø is the oldest town in northern Norway, with the first settlement dating back to the 1330s when Håkon Magnusson built the original Vardøhus Fort to defend Norway's eastern border.
- Witch Trials: In the 17th century, Vardø was infamous for some of the worst witch trials in northern Europe, resulting in nearly 80 women being sentenced to death by burning.
- World War II Bombing: In August 1944, the Allies bombed Vardø, but remarkably, many buildings survived the flames.
- Pomor Trade Hub: Vardø was a central hub for Pomor trade between Norway and Russia from 1740 until the Russian Revolution in 1917, earning it the nickname 'Pomor capital.'
Architectural Highlights of the Arctic Fortress
Vardøhus Fortress boasts a striking architectural style based on contemporaneous military construction adhering to baroque ideals. This bastion-type fortress, originating from Central Europe, features a distinctive star formation typical of such fortifications.
The buildings exhibit a Danish baroque style with significant local adaptations, enhancing its historical significance. The fortress's original features and architectonic qualities make it one of Norway's most valued sites. In 2004, a decision was made to preserve all 18 buildings associated with the fortress, including the unique guns of Vardøhus and the commanding officer's quarters.
The Midnight Sun and Vardøhus Fortress
Have you ever experienced the enchanting phenomenon of the Midnight Sun? At Vardøhus Fortress, this natural marvel occurs when the sun remains visible at midnight during the summer months.
From late May to late July, the fortress offers the perfect vantage point to witness this spectacle. The best spots are atop the fortress walls, where you can enjoy unobstructed views of the sun hovering over the horizon. To fully appreciate the Midnight Sun, bring warm clothing, a camera, and perhaps a picnic to make the most of this unique Arctic experience.
Practical Information For Visiting Vardøhus Fortress
Planning a trip to Vardøhus Fortress? Here's everything you need to know to make the most of your visit to this historic Arctic landmark.
Opening Hours and Entrance Fee
Vardøhus Fortress is open all year round. During the Norwegian summer, the fortress is open from 16 April to 15 September, with hours from 10.00 to 21.00, providing ample daylight to explore. When it's winter in Norway, the fortress opens daily from 16 September to 15 April from 10.00 to 18.00. Best of all, there's no entrance fee, making it a budget-friendly destination.
What to Expect
As you wander the grounds of Vardøhus Fortress, you'll encounter numerous captivating points of interest. The fortress's octagonal star shape is both unique and striking, representing baroque military architecture at its finest.
Be sure to visit the Coastal Barrack building and its little museum to view the 'Royal Beam' and other historical artifacts. The commanding officer's quarters and the unique fortress guns also offer a snapshot into the fortress's storied past.
How To Get There
To reach Vardøhus Fortress, fly to Kirkenes Airport, then drive or take a bus to Vardø via the Vardø Tunnel, which connects the island to the mainland. Alternatively, you can take the scenic Hurtigruten coastal ferry. Once in Vardø, the fortress is easily accessible on foot or by local transport.
Things To Do in Vardø
Apart from visiting Vardøhus Fortress, there are plenty of other activities to enjoy in this Arctic town. Here are a few suggestions:
- Vardø Museum: Learn more about the history and culture of Vardø through interactive exhibitions.
- Pomor Museum: This museum showcases the trade relationship between Norway and Russia.
- Hiking: Take advantage of the stunning coastal scenery by hiking one of the many trails around Vardø.
- Birdwatching: Vardø is an ideal location for birdwatching, with various species nesting and migrating throughout the year.
- Northern Lights Hunting: If you're visiting during winter, Vardø provides an excellent opportunity to witness the mesmerizing Northern Lights.
- Vardø Lighthouse: Visit the iconic 12-meter-tall (39 ft) red and white lighthouse, which has been guiding ships since 1896.
- Witches Monument: Pay homage to the 91 women who tragically lost their lives during the witch trials at the Witches Monument.
The Timeless Charm of Vardøhus Fortress
Vardøhus Fortress stands as a testament to Norwegian history, embodying centuries of military architecture and cultural heritage. Whether you're marveling at its unique star-shaped design, exploring its historical artifacts, or experiencing the Midnight Sun, Vardøhus offers a unique Arctic adventure.
We strongly encourage you to visit and delve deeper into Norway's captivating past. For the ultimate road trip, consider renting a campervan in Norway and exploring the scenic routes of this beautiful country at your own pace. Make sure to check out our range of vehicles for an unforgettable journey to Vardø and beyond!
